Lesson 4 - The human body. max-vuj miq-i. riqm-zox riqm-nxiqw syj-i, ku-zox ku-nxiqw syj-i. I see with my eyes, I hear with my ears. riqm-ca. I see myself. kax-ca. I look at myself. sqyj-ca raxm tu-i. The cat washes herself. The verb ending {-ca} is used for actions when the same person is the actor and the one acted upon. The role marker {syj-i} means "using" or "with". {nxiqw} is a general word meaning an organ or faculty; many words for body parts are derived from a verb root + {nxiqw}, as in {riqm-nxiqw}, eyes, and {ku-nxiqw}, ears. sqiqm-nxiqw miq-i taxlm im. The brain is in the head. max-vuj im tyn-van kyw cxu-box pe sxiqn pe vax. In the body are two lungs and a heart and a digestion tract. max-vuj sim tyn-van taxlm, pq im tyn-van riqm-nxiqw pe sqiqm-nxiqw pe vax-onx-nxiqw miq-i. In the top of the body is the head, in it are eyes and brain and mouth. zxum-zox zjaxm cxu-cxu-dxy-box syj-i. I feel with my twenty fingers&toes. {zjaxm} primarily means the fingers and toes. It can occasionally refer to the nose, or to finger-like parts of nonliving things. zxum-zox zxum-nxiqw paxn-box syj-i. I feel with my whole skin. {im} means "in" in the sense of "part of". It contrasts with "inx" (in a container). pq-sxy i mrax-fru-nxiqw inx tyn-van fru-baxm miq-i. In her womb is a baby. pq-sxy im lix'klax-nxiqw miq-i. pq-viq im henx. She (pq-sxy) has breasts (milk-parts). He (pq-viq) does not. {sxy} and {viq} mean femaleness and maleness. When they come after a pronoun (most often {pq}, the normal third person), they don't have to have the adjective suffix {-box}. But don't be stuck with {pq-sxy / pq-viq} as equivalents of "she/he" - gzb offers other possibilities, e.g. pq-jxiqn im riqm-nxiqw syj-faj miq-i. pq-haxn im henx. The young one has good (usable) eyes. The old one does not. That's hard to translate as idiomatically as the earlier example with he/she, but it's parallel to it in gzb. {pq} can take any kind of modifier that seems useful to distinguish referents that might otherwise be ambiguous. Vocabulary max human max-vuj the human body max-sxy woman max-viq man riqm seeing riqm-nxiqw eyes riqm-zox to see riqm-ca to see oneself ku hearing ku-nxiqw ears zxum to touch, feel zxum-nxiqw skin zjaxm fingers and toes taxlm head sqiqm-nxiqw brain sxiqn heart (& arteries & veins) kyw lung kyw-zox to breathe vax digestive system vax-onx-nxiqw mouth runx-nxiqw legs & feet sqax-nxiqw arms & hands max-baxm child (young human) fru child (someone's son or daughter) fru-baxm embryo or newborn baby mrax containment mrax-fru-nxiqw womb lix'klax milk lix'klax-nxiqw breasts syj making use of syj-i with, by means of syj-zox to use syj-faj usable, useful